It is my very great pleasure to announce the launch of International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology. Over the past decade, the world has witnessed an astonishing progress in biomedicine, and is sharing the excitements of breakthroughs from every country.

【Abstract】 Objective To make diagnosis of patient with topiramate-induced hypersensitivity presenting with generalized lesions that mimicked mycosis fungoides clinically and histologically. Methods Drug-specific T cell activation testing, ELIspot assay, and HLA-B*1502 assay were used to identify the disease. Results The patient was initially treated with carbamazepine for 3 weeks, and withdrawal of carbamazepine led to regression of the lesions; however, substitution of topiramate resulted in the reappearance and progressive worsening of infiltrated erythematous plaques several weeks later. Topiramate was subsequently stopped, and the lesions had resolved without relapse during 1-year follow-up. Immunochemical analysis of the lesion showed that most of the atypical lymphocytes were CD3, CD5, CD4, and Ki-67 (40%－50%) positive but CD8, CD30, CD56, TIA-1, and GrB negative. Drug-specific T lymphocyte activation testing and an enzyme-linked immunospot assay were conducted to quantify drug-reactive T cells and cytokine-releasing cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cell specimens to substantiate the diagnosis of drug eruptions. Conclusion To our knowledge, our report presents the first case of topiramate-induced mycosis fungoides-like lesions based on the clinical and histological evidences.

【Abstract】 Objective Skin and soft tissue infections caused by rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria have become an increasing clinical problem. Here, we confirm a rare case of cutaneous infection caused by Mycobacterium immunogenum from histology and genetics. Methods A biopsy was taken for histological examination and tissue culture. Organisms that grew in L?wenstein-Jensen medium were identified by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of hsp65 and 16S rRNA genes. In vitro drug susceptibility testing was conducted using the microtiter plate method. Results The tissue culture was mycobacteria-positive. Analysis of hsp65 and 16S rRNA genes confirmed that the organism isolated was Mycobacterium immunogenum. Systemic therapy for the patient was based on the in vitro drug susceptibility results. It involved 6 months of clarithromycin (0.5 g twice per day) and moxifloxacin (0.4 g once per night) combined with 6 months clarithromycin tapering (0.25 g once per day), and completely resolved the skin lesions, leaving only residual scaring. Conclusion Mycobacterium immunogenum, an environmental organism, has emerged as an infection-causing pathogen of immunocompetent individuals.

【Abstract】 Objective To assess the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme（ACE） gene polymorphisms and vitiligo risk. Methods Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Chinese databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Weipu, and Wanfang databases were used to identify articles which investigated the correlations between ACE gene polymorphism and vitiligo risk, and the reported genotype frequencies were analyzed using STATA software. Results Nine studies including 1,018 subjects in case group and 1,490 in control group were included in this work. Genotype distributions in all studies complied with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. By analyses of all studies, we found that the I/D genotype was a risk factor for increased susceptibility to vitiligo in Caucasians [odds ratio (OR) = 1.536, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.096－2.152, P = 0.005], the D/D genotype increased the risk of vitiligo in Asians (Korean and Indians) (OR = 1.488, 95% CI 1.079－2.051, P = 0.015), while the I/I genotype decreased susceptibility to vitiligo in Indians and even in all Asians (Indians: OR = 0.569, 95% CI 0.342－0.948, P = 0.005; Asians: OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.34－0.847, P = 0.005). Conclusion Our study suggests that ACE gene polymorphism is correlated with the vitiligo risk in Caucasians and Asians. Further large sample size research is needed to establish the exact association of ACE with pathogenesis of vitiligo.

【Abstract】 Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in patients with psoriasis compared with the general population by meta-analysis. Methods Relevant articles characterizing the associated risk of NHL in patients with psoriasis were retrieved by searching the Cochrane Library, PubMed and Web of Science using the terms "no-Hodgkin lymphoma" and "lymphoma" combined with "psoriasis". The meta-analysis procedure was used to combine standardized incidence ratio with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the association. Data were extracted from each study and Version 12.0 STATA statistical software was used for analyses. Results Five cohort studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were subjected to the final analysis in the meta-analysis. The pooled SIR based on a fixed-effects model was 1.45, with a 95% CI of 1.29 to 1.63. No publication bias was detected. Conclusion Our meta-analysis demonstrated a positive association between NHL and psoriasis. Individuals with psoriasis have a heightened risk of developing NHL compared with the general population. The relationship between NHL and psoriasis requires further study using a larger sample size.

Introduction Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is an inhibitory T-cell receptor expressed by activated T-lymphocytes, and its two major ligands are PD-L1 (B7-H1, CD274) and PD-L2 (B7-DC, CD273). Under normal conditions, PD-L1 is mainly expressed on T cells, B cells, den-dritic cells, and macrophages, whereas PD-L2 is expressed selectively on activated dendritic cells, macrophages, marrow-originated mast cells, and peritoneum B1 cells. However, malignant neoplasms, including lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and prostate cancer, can also overexpress PD-L1, which attenuates lymphocyte-mediated immune responses within the tumor and eventually leads to immune evasion. PD-1 inhibitors are effective in the treatment of tumors because they not only enhance the antitumor effect of the T cells, but also increase T-cell infil-tration[1]. In recent years, promising indications of activity for PD-1-targeted immunotherapy have been observed in clinical trials of cutaneous malignant neoplasms, including cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma（SCC）. This new therapy is beneficial in the treatment of cutaneous neoplasms that are in need of more effective management.

Introduction Telocytes (TCs), a distinct type of interstitial cells first identified by Popescu and colleagues in 2005, were officially named in 2010[1]. TCs are characterized by a small cell body with extremely long and thin prolon-gations called telopodes[1]. As a distinctive feature, telopodes are cellular prolongations that abruptly emerge from the cell body with alternating dilated segments (podoms) and thin segments (podomers), and moniliform appearance that clearly distinguishes TCs from all other interstitial cell types[2-3]. TCs have been identified as important interstitial cells for guiding or nursing putative stem and progenitor cells within the stem cell niches of a spectrum of tissues and organs. Thus, we speculated that TCs may serve as new targets for regenerative medicine[3-6]. Based on different junction types, TCs are documented to be in close contact with virtually all types of cells found within human skin, such as stem cells, progenitor cells, blood capillaries, nerve endings, and skin ad-nexal structures. Indeed, many TCs form interstitial cell networks that contribute to homeostasis, reno-vation, and regeneration of tissues[4,7-9]. In recent years, the functional involvement of TCs in normal or patho-logical skin conditions has attracted extensive atten-tion. Based on the researches on distribution and intercellular connections of TCs, this review focuses on the most recent findings about TCs in human skin.

Introduction Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects 38.0% of adolescents aged 15－19 years and 36.0% of 20－24 years old in China[1]. It is a disease of the pilosebaceous unit that results in in-flammatory and noninflammatory lesions. The four principal pathological factors involved in the develop-ment of acne are sebum overproduction, follicular hyperkeratinization, abnormal proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) within the follicle, and inflammation[2]. Acne requires long-term manage-ment, and its treatment is challenging, especially considering the disease chronicity and relapses, and the variability in response to treatments. Among the available topical treatments, antibiotics (erythromycin, clindamycin), azelaic acid, benzoyl peroxide (BPO), and retinoids (tretinoin, isotretinoin, and adapalene) are the most frequent choices. However, treating acne with antibiotics has increased the antibiotic resistance of P. acnes and other bacteria[3]. Additionally, current topical acne treat-ments often cause skin irritation, dryness, peeling, and other undesirable side effects that might limit patient compliance and reduce medical effectiveness. Because of the development of side effects and bacterial resistance to topical acne treatments, it is necessary to develop alternatives that are safe, effective, and well-tolerated.

【Abstract】 Objective To describe the patterns of immunofluorescence mapping (IFM) in different forms of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) and classify the diagnosis of EB patients. Methods We used tissue specimens from six outpatients with congenital EB, which were made into frozen sections and paraffin sections, and stained for keratin 14 (K14), type IV collagen and type VII collagen using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, simultaneously using normal skin as controls. Analysis was performed to determine which parts of the blister were labeled with the corresponding antibodies, and subtyping was performed on EB patients. Results The result showed that two cases of EBS and three cases of DEB were confirmed by IFM, while only one case of EBS and two cases of DEB were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Conclusion IFM is an important method for subtyping EB patients, and it is superior to immunohistochemistry.

【Abstract】 Objective This study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of P. acnes in acne patients in Guangzhou city of southern China. Methods Among 124 patients, we isolated 100 stains of P. acnes and did the antimicrobial susceptibility tests in vitro. Results By applying the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute document M11-A7 breakpoints for resistance, 11%, 39%, 36%, 71%, 72%, 53%, 3%, 28% of the stains were resistant to minocycline, doxycycline, tetracycline, erythromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin, ceftriaxone and levofloxacin, respectively. Moreover, severe cross/multiple resistance was also observed. Conclusion The high prevalence of antimicrobial resistant P. acnes should cause alarm and attention in Guangzhou.

Introduction Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is a rare, soft tissue sarcoma, which was first described by Enzinger in 1970[1]. It pre-dominantly arises in the extremities of young adults, and lymphatic spread is common, which is unlike other sarcomas. Immunohistochemistry has already been proven to be conclusive in supporting morpho-logical findings and in identifying histological sub-types. Co-expression of vimentin, cytokeratin (CK) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) are the immunohistochemical characteristics[2]. Here, we report a patient with negative staining of pan-CK, CK 5/6 and CK A1/A3.

Introduction Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae), and it remains an important health problem in developing countries. Because of its wide range of clinical manifestations, delayed diagnosis of leprosy is very common, and usually results in increased morbidity and permanent disability. Herein, we report a 70-year-old leprosy patient who did not exhibit any disability after early diagnosis and timely treatment, which highlights the importance of early diagnosis and standard therapy.

Introduction Granuloma annulare (GA) is an idiopathic dermis and subcutaneous tissue disease, histologically it is charac-terized by dermal palisading granulomas with central degeneration of collagen. We here report a case of concurrence of localized and subcutaneous GA (SGA) in a 1-year-old girl. Physical examination showed grouped papules merged into an annular pattern in the right ankle and two firm subcutaneous nodules on the dorsal surface of her left foot. Histopathologic exami-nation of lesions on the right ankle showed lympho-cytes and macrophages infiltration in the dermis and increased mucin deposition in the central zone. These features were consistent with localized GA. The nodule on the dorsal surface of the left foot showed degenerated collagen fibers in the areas of central necrobiosis, which were surrounded by a palisade of histiocytes and a minority of lymphocytes. The clinical and histologic findings supported the diagnosis of SGA. As a whole, the patient was diagnosed with localized GA and SGA. The patient was treated with intralesional corticosteroids, and the lesions gradually disappeared during 12-month of follow-up.

Introduction An isotopic response is the occurrence of a new skin disease at the site of another, unrelated, healed skin disorder. In 1955, Wyburn-Mason reported 26 cases of nonmelanoma skin cancer occurring at sites, which were previously affected by herpes zoster[1]. Forty years later, Wolf and colleagues coined the term "isotopic response" to describe this phenomenon[2]. Here, we report an isotopic response of psoriasis vulgaris in an immunocompetent patient, occurring on the area of a resolved herpes zoster lesion on the trunk. Diagnosis was made based on the clinical and histological findings.

Introduction Scabies is a common, highly contagious infestation of Sarcoptes scabiei, which affects humans of all ages. It is characterized by polymorphous lesions including burrows and pruritic papules on interdigital webs and hands. Occasionally, secondary lesions may resemble the rashes of folliculitis, impetigo and eczematous changes, and some atypical presentations need to be differentiated from urticaria, dermatitis herpetiformis and Darier′s disease. Vesicular and bullous lesions are rare. Bullous scabies is a distinct subtype presenting as bullous pemphigoid-like bullae, and may act as a trigger or an early presentation of pemphigoid[1]. The first case of bullous scabies was reported and named by Bean[2]. To date, 47 cases have been recorded, including the present one. Bullous scabies is more common in the elderly. Only 17 patients under the age of 60 years have been reported[1-9]. Here, we report a 10-year-old Chinese girl, whose bullous lesions clini-cally mimicked bullous pemphigoid, and summarize the cases from available literature.

Introduction Primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma(PCMZL) is one of the most common cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. Some cases were reported to be associated with spirochetal infection. It commonly occurs in 50－60 years old patients, and the male-to-female ratio is (1.5-2)∶1. PCMZL presents with red to violet papules, plaques or nodules, and usually involves trunk (46%), upper limbs (17%) or head (13%). Occurence of single lesion is more common compared to multiple lessions. Patients with PCMZL usually have no night sweats, fever, weight loss or other constitutional symptoms (B symptoms)[2]. In terms of histology, the epidermis of patients with PCMZL is usually normal, however, dermis and subcutaneous fat is commonly involved by forming nodular or diffuse infiltrates. Tumor cells are composed of small lymphocytes, marginal zone B cells (centrocyte-like cells), lymphoplasmacytoid cells, and plasma cells, and intermingle with a small number of centroblast- or immunoblast-like cells and many reactive T cells. Reactive germinal centers frequently appear, surrounded by marginal zone B cells. Tumor cells express CD20, CD22, CD79a, and Bcl-2, while are negative for CD5, CD10 and Bcl-6.

Histopathology Papillary eccrine adenoma (PEA), which is a well-circumscribed, dermal, unencapsulated tumor, gene-rally consists of multiple dilated duct-like structures without apparent continuity with the epidermis (shown in Figure 1). The lining of the ducts is constituted by a double layer of cuboidal, flattened or columnar cells. The inner layer often forms intraluminal papillary projections into the lumen, and there is no decapitation secretion found. Most of the ductal cell nuclei are regular, are oval or round, and contain small nucleoli. And mitoses are rare or absent. The epithelial cells may display clear cell change or squamous differentiation. Some of the lumina were filled by granular or amorphous eosinophilic material (shown in Figure 2 and 3). The surrounding stroma shows an arrangement of collagen bundles around ducts with a sparse lymphohistiocytic infiltrate.