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ara-phenylenediamine is the main functional component of hair dyes, and also a most potent contact allergen in hair dye dermatitis. Studies have shown that the activation of human dendritic cells, production of some cytokines, and γδT cells are involved in p-phenylenediamine allergy. The genetic polymorphism of N-acetyltransferase, angiotensin-converting enzyme and manganese superoxide dismutase is reported to be associated with the development of hair dye dermatitis. This article gives an update on hair dye dermatitis-related immune factors and genetic susceptibilities.