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Th17 cells, a newly identified T helper cell subset, play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, host defense and allergic disorders. In acute lesions of patients with atopic dermatitis, IL-17 expression is markedly enhanced, which may be attributable to the differentiation of Th17 cells induced by the elevated expression of IL-23 by dermal dendritic cells. Th17 cells may take part in many pathophysiological processes, such as skin inflammation and tissue remodeling, in atopic dermatitis, likely by enhancing the function of Th2 memory cells, facilitating the immunocompetence of keratinocytes, inducing the expression of several inflammatory cytokines such as TGF-β1, IL-11, IL-6.