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Cryptococcus neoformans is an important opportunistic fungus, which can cause cryptococcosis severely threatening immunocompromised population. Glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), the predominant constituent of capsular polysaccharide of C.neoformans, is a linear polysaccharide with enormous structural diversity. GXM is closely associated with the immunogenicity and virulence of C.neoformans. It has been found that GXM could bind to FcγR��B to mediate immunosuppression and participate in the formation of biofilm, which subsequently inhibits the anti-cryptococcal immunity. GXM specific monoclonal antibody and vaccine therapy may be effective for the reversing of immunosuppression, cast light on the treatment of cryptococcosis, and make it possible for the prevention of cryptococcosis in high-risk population such as AIDS patients.