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Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is an important anti-tumor cytokine mainly secreted by monocytes, dendritic cells and macrophages. The anti-tumor mechanisms of IL-12 mainly involve augmenting innate and adaptive immunity, indirectly inhibiting angiogenesis within the tumors, prolonging the period and enhancing the extent of immune memory. Subcutaneous or introtumorous application of IL-12 alone shows obvious anti-tumor effect, which can be enhanced by the combination with other immune agents. The adverse events of IL-12 mainly include local inflammatory reactions caused by injection and systemic reactions. In conclusion, further studies are needed on the application of IL-12 as a vaccine adjuvant in anti-tumor therapy.