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Pregnant syphilis and congenital syphilis have become a major public health problem in many developing countries, and their incidence has been reported to increase in some developed countries. The purpose of antenatal syphilis screening is to timely identify and treat mothers with syphilis, so as to avoid adverse pregnancy outcomes and high medical cost. Economic analysis of antenatal syphilis screening may validate the cost-effectiveness of screening strategies and provide evidence to policy makers for developing programs and allocating resources. This paper updates the knowledge on economic analysis of antenatal syphilis screening and rapid syphilis tests, and briefly describes epidemiological background of screening as well as some methodologies of the economic analysis.