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The infection of Chlamydia trachomatis is the most commonly sexually transmitted disease in the world, and vaccine has been expected to be an effective way to prevent and treat the infection. Many efforts have been offered to this field by clinicians and scientific researchers in the past twenty years. Recently, the studies are mainly concentrated on polypeptide vaccine, dendritic cell vaccine and DNA vaccine, and especially on DNA vaccine. This paper presents the progresses and problems in the researches about the vectors, immune adjuvants and immunization routes of the three kinds of vaccines. Also, the best immunization approach and possibility of new vaccine development are discussed.