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Han Yue*, Li Wei, Yao Xu. *Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China Corresponding author: Yao Xu, Email: dryao_xu@126.com ��Abstract�� Langerhans cells ��LCs�� are tissue-specific dendritic cells located in the epidermis. The development of LCs depends on specific autocrine signaling and environmental factors, such as transforming growth factor-β ��TGF-β��, interleukin-10 ��IL-10��, ultraviolet rays and neuropeptides. Recent researches have revealed that LCs play an important role in inducing immune tolerance, and participate in the regulation of multiple cutaneous and systemic diseases such as infection, allergy and tumors. The action mechanisms of LCs involve clearance of specific T cells, generation of regulatory T cells, inhibition of co-stimulatory molecule , and so on.