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Xiong Huizi, Xu Hui, Chen Wenjuan, Shi Yuling. Department of Dermatology, Tenth People′s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China Corresponding author: Shi Yuling, Email: shiyuling1973@tongji.edu.cn ��Abstract�� The pathogenesis of melanoma is related to genetic and environmental factors such as long-term exposure to ultraviolet rays. Recent studies have shown that the occurrence and development of melanoma are mainly associated with changes in the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase ��ERK�� pathway and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ��PI3K��/serine/threonine kinase��AKT��/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, as well as changes in genes BRAF, NRAS, GNAQ, GNA11, C-kit, AKT, etc. Melanoma is an invasive cutaneous tumor, and usually resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Molecular therapy targeting the pathogenesis of melanoma plays very important roles in the treatment of melanoma, including immunotherapy, gene therapy and tumor blood supply-targeted therapy. Biological therapy has shown higher targeting ability and specificity than conventional therapy.

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