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Ye Xingdong*, Lin Hongda, Dai Xiangnong, Ren Zefang. *Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou 510095, China Corresponding author: Ye Xingdong, Email: xingdongye@21cn.com ��Abstract�� Syphilis is a chronic and systemic sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidium ��TP��. Early diagnosis and treatment are helpful in reducing spread of syphilis and in attenuating systemic damage. Direct detection of TP by dark-field microscopy ��DFM�� and serological tests for antibodies have been the main diagnostic means for syphilis, but they both have limitations. Polymerase chain reaction ��PCR�� techniques are currently applied in the diagnosis of syphilis by amplifying target sequences of TP, and polA and tpp47 genes are the commonest target sequences for the detection of TP with PCR. Reverse transcription PCR and nested PCR show higher sensitivity than other PCR techniques. The sensitivity of PCR techniques is above 60% for detection of TP DNA in swab samples from primary syphilis lesions, less than 60% in blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples ��up to 83% in samples from patients with congenital syphilis��. However, the specificity of PCR techniques is usually above 93% for the detection of TP. HIV status does not influence the sensitivity of PCR techniques.

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