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Tang Juan, Yang Yang, Wang Hexiao, Qi Ruiqun, Gao Xinghua. Department of Dermatology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China Corresponding author: Gao Xinghua, Email: gaobarry@hotmail.com ��Abstract�� Human papillomavirus ��HPV��, a common double-stranded and closed circular DNA virus, mainly causes benign or malignant proliferative diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. The incidence of HPV-related diseases has been increasing year by year. After the virus enters the human body, innate and acquired immune responses are initiated to eliminate it. Keratinocytes, Langerhans cells and macrophages participate together in antigen presentation and phagocytosis in antiviral immune responses. T-lymphocytes play an important role in eliminating the virus. However, in some cases, the virus cannot be cleared completely, and persists in the human body through immune escape mechanisms, resulting in malignant transformation. Therefore, it is of great importance to clarify HPV-induced immune reactions and relevant immune escape mechanisms for drug development, molecular therapy and targeted therapy.