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Shao Wenjun, Gao Yu. Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children′s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China Corresponding author: Gao Yu, Email: gaoyu@medmail.com.cn ��Abstract�� Atopic dermatitis ��AD�� mainly occurs in infancy with unclear etiology and complex pathogenesis. At present, it is considered that the etiology and pathogenesis of AD are associated with multiple immunocytes. T helper type 17 ��Th17�� cells and regulatory T��Treg�� cells are a pair of recently found CD4+ T cell subsets with opposite functions. Th17 cells can mediate inflammatory response, and are closely associated with many autoimmune diseases, while Treg cells can inhibit T cell-mediated inflammation, maintain immune tolerance and prevent the occurrence of autoimmune diseases. Th17/Treg cell imbalance plays a key role in a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as AD.