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Jiang Zengqiong*, Li Yang, Zhang Xuejun. *Institute of Dermatology; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China Corresponding author: Zhang Xuejun, Email: ayzxj@vip.sina.com ��Abstract�� Congenital syphilis ��CS�� is a systemic disease caused by mother-to-child transplacental transmission of Treponema pallidum ��TP�� infection. The incidence of CS is associated with the stage of syphilis in pregnancy, antepartum nontreponemal antibody titers, treatment of the mother, frequency of prenatal examination and paternal factors such as unknown history of syphilis. CS can lead to fetal stillbirth, premature birth and other serious adverse consequences, and severely impact gravida, family and even society. Therefore, realizing high-risk factors for CS may provide further guide to its clinical diagnosis and treatment, and facilitate the reduction in its prevalence.