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Zhang Pengfei, Ji Bihua. Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China Corresponding author: Ji Bihua, Email: cleanspy@163.com ��Abstract�� T helper 17 ��Th17�� cells, a new subset of CD4+ effector T cells different from Th1 and Th2 cells, are characterized by the secretion of interleukin-17 ��IL-17��, and associated with the pathogenesis of syphilis, gonorrhea and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ��AIDS��. The number of Th17 cells is abnormal in patients with syphilis and gonorrhea, but whether Th17 cells helps to control syphilis or gonorrhea remains controversial. The proportion of Th17 cells is decreased and there is an imbalance between Th17 cells and regulatory T ��Treg�� cells in peripheral blood of patients with human immunodeficiency virus ��HIV��. To up-regulate the levels of Th17 cells and maintain the balance between Th17 cells and Treg cells is essential for the host to fight against HIV infection spontaneously.