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Tian Weiwei, Wang Hongsheng, Wang Qianqiu. Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China Corresponding authors: Wang Qianqiu, Email: wangqq@ncstdlc.org; Wang Hongsheng, Email: whs33@vip.sina.com ��Abstract�� Interleukin-12 ��IL-12�� has been considered as an important cytokine in the induction and maintenance of T helper type 1 ��Th1�� cell-mediated immune response. The common p40 subunit of IL-12/23, which has been well studied, may play a certain role in the counteraction against bacteria, especially mycobacteria, via competitively binding with the β1 chain of IL-12 receptor in monomeric or homodimeric forms. High-virulent mycobacteria may counteract the host immune response by inhibiting the production of IL-12p70. IL-23 may also have a critical role in the protection against chronic mycobacterial infection by inducing the activation of Th17 cells and memory T lymphocytes. However, the function of IL-23 is limited when the production of IL-12 is normal. The roles of IL-27 ��the third member of IL-12 family�� in host immune response to mycobacterial infection remain controversial, and its effect on different cell populations, such as macrophages and lymphocytes, may be different, even contrary.

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