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LIN Di, JIANG Juan. Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China Corresponding author: JIANG Juan, Email: drjjiang@vip.163.com ��Abstract�� As the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age, bacterial vaginosis ��BV�� is often associated with a variety of complications when treatment is absent or not timely. The etiology of BV remains unclear. In clinical practice, its diagnosis is mainly based on Amsel Criteria and Nugent score. Unfortunately, these traditional diagnostic procedures are usually less objective, time-consuming, laborious, and require experts with professional knowledge to perform. In recent years, great progress has been made in the point-of-care testing and molecular biological diagnosis of BV. These emerging diagnostic methods, which are mainly based on bacterial quantification, have not been widely used in clinical practice, and further studies are warranted to evaluate their diagnostic efficiency. ��Key words�� Vaginosis, bacterial��Polymerase chain reaction; Bacteria; Diagnosis