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XU Ya-nan, MA Cui-ling. Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China Corresponding author: MA Cui-ling, Email: macuiling@fmmu.edu.cn ��Abstract�� Human papillomaviruses ��HPV�� may induce benign and malignant lesions by infecting cutaneous or mucosal epithelia. Nonmelanoma skin cancer ��NMSC��, mainly consists of squamous cell carcinoma ��SCC��, basal cell carcinoma ��BCC��, and actinic keratosis, is highly prevalent in Caucasians. More than 2 000 000 new cases of NMSC are diagnosed annually in the United States, and the incidence of NMSC has been increasing dramatically worldwide. In addition to established risk factors for NMSC, such as older age, exposure to ultraviolet radiation, skin photosensitivity and immunosuppression, papillomavirus infection, especially cutaneous human papillomavirus ��HPV�� infection has been evidenced by numerous epidemiologic studies to be involved in the development of NMSC. ��Key words�� Human papillomavirus; Skin neoplasms; Organ transplantation; Ultraviolet rays