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XU Chen-chen, LIU Yue-hua. Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China Corresponding author: LIU Yue-hua, Email: yuehualiu63@gmail.com ��Abstract�� Malignant melanoma is a highly malignant tumor originating from melanocytes. The incidence of malignant melanoma is high in Caucasians, but low in the other colored races, such as the yellow race. Also, malignant melanoma varies considerably with races in common pathological phenotypes, genetic changes, and molecular mechanisms. Melanoma arising on skin without chronic sun damage is relatively common in Caucasians, with BRAF and NRAS mutations as the frequent genetic alterations, while kit mutation and cyclin D1 amplification are frequent in acral and mucosal melanomas, which are commonly seen in Asians or other colored races. To assess the difference in genetic alterations between melanomas of different pathological types may benefit the genetic diagnosis of, as well as development of targeted drugs for, melanoma. ��Key words�� Melanoma; Immunogenetics; Pathology