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[1] Medzhitov R, Preston-Hurlburt P, Janeway CA Jr. A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity. Nature, 1997, 388:394-397.
[2] Norgard MV, Arndt LL, Akins DR,et al. Activation of human monocytic cells by Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins and synthetic lipopeptides proceeds via a pathway distinct from that of lipopolysaccharide but involves the transcriptional activator NF-kappa B. Infect Immun, 1996, 64:3845-3852.
[3] Udalova IA, Vidal V, Scragg IG,et al. Direct evidence for involvement of NF-kappaB in transcriptional activation of tumor necrosis factor by a spirochetal lipoprotein. Infect Immun, 2000, 68:5447.
[4] Lien E, Sellati TJ, Yoshimura A, et al. Toll-like receptor 2 functions as a pattern recognition receptor for diverse bacterial products. J Biol Chem, 1999, 274:33419-33425.
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[9] Sellati T J, Bouis DA, Caimano M J, et al. Activation of human monocytic cells by Borrelia burgdorferi and Treponema pallidum is facilitated by CD14 and correlates with surface exposure of spirochetal lipoproteins. J Immunol, 1999, 163:2049-2056.
[10] Hertz CJ, Kiertscher SM, Godowski PJ, et al. Microbial lipopeptides stimulate dendritic cell maturation via Toll-like receptor 2. J Immunol, 2001, 166:2444-2450.
[11] Bouis DA, Popova TG, Takashima A, et al. Dendritic cells phagocytose and are activated by Treponema pallidum. Infect Immun, 2001,69:518-528.
[12] Sieling PA, Chung W, Duong BT, et al. Toll-like receptor 2 ligands as adjuvants for human Th1 responses. J Immunol, 2003, 170:194.
[13] Brightbill HD, Libraty DH, Krutzik SR, et al. Host defense mechanisms triggered by microbial lipoproteins through toll-like receptors.Science, 1999, 285:732-736.
[14] Aliprantis AO, Yang RB, Mark MR, et al. Cell activation and apoptosis by bacterial lipoproteins through toll-like receptor-2. Science,1999, 285:736-739.
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