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[2] Zhang W, Liu HT. MAPK signal pathways in the regulation of cell proliferation in mammalian cells. Cell Res, 2002, 12:9-18.
[3] Storm SM, Brennscheidt U, Sithanandam G, et al. Raf oncogenes in carcinogenesis. Crit Rev Oncog, 1990, 2:1-8.
[4] Tzivion G, Luo Z, Avruch J. A dimeric 14-3-3 protein is an essential cofactor for Raf kinase activity. Nature, 1998, 394:88-92.
[5] Vossler MR, Yao H, York RD, et al. cAMP activates MAP kinase and Elk-1 through a B-Raf-and Rapl-dependent pathway. Cell,1997, 89:73-82.
[6] Okada T, Hu CD, Jin TG, et al. The strength of interaction at the Raf cysteine-rich domain is a critical determinant of response of Raf to Ras family small GTPases. Mol Cell Biol, 1999, 19:6057-6064.
[7] Houslay MD, Kolch W. Cell-type specific integration of cross-talk between extracellular signal-regulated kinase and cAMP signaling. Mol Pharrnacol, 2000, 58:659-668.
[8] Saxena M, Williams S, Tasken K,et al. Crosstalk between cAMP-de-pendent kinase and MAP kinase through a protein tyrosine phosphatase. Nat Cell Biol, 1999, 1:305-311.
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[10] Englaro W, Rezzonico R, Durand-Clement M, et al. Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and AP-1 are activated during cAMP-in-duced melanogenesis in B-16 melanoma cells. J Biol Chem, 1995,270:24315-24320.
[11] Mason CS, Springer CJ, Cooper RG,et al. Serine and tyrosine phosphorylations cooperate in Raf-1, but not B-Raf activation. EMBO J,1999, 18:2137-2148.
[12] Busca R, Abbe P, Mantoux F, et al. Ras mediates the cAMP-de-pendent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) in melanocytes. EMBO J, 2000, 19:2900-2910.
[13] Davies H, Bignell GR, Cox C, et al. Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer. Nature, 2002,417:949-954.
[14] Brose MS, Volpe P, Feldman M, et al. BRAF and RAS mutations in human lung cancer and melanoma. Cancer Res, 2002, 62:6997-7000.
[15] Pollock PM, Harper UL, Hansen KS,et al. High frequency of BRAF mutations in nevi. Nat Genet, 2003, 33(1):19-20.
[16] Dong J, Phelps RG, Qiao R, et al. BRAF oncogenic mutations correlate with progression rather than initiation of human melanoma. Cancer Res, 2003, 63(14):3883-3885.