1. �й�ҽѧ��ѧԺƤ�����о���
2. �Ͼ���ѧ
3. �й�ҽѧ��ѧԺ����Э��ҽѧԺ��ԭ����ѧ�о���

�����������������������һ�������ͷ�����Ŵ���־����ϵͳ������������Ҫ�����塣���������ô�ѧ���������������������ƻ������������������Ϊ�պϻ���˫��DNA��������Ĵ�СΪ10Kb��80kb��ͨ����������������ǻ��Ļ��򡢱���ATP�ϳ�ø�������ǻ��Ļ��򡢱��������RNA�Ļ����tRNA��������������������зḻ�Ķ�̬�ԣ�������Ϊ�����ͬ���ֵ�DNAָ�����ڼ��𣬲��ҿɶԲ�ԭ������п�ѧ�ķ������Ե������

Mitochondrial genome is a genetic marker for the identification and classification of fungi, and is also of great value to phylogenetic analysis in fungi. Canadian researchers have introduced the term of Fungal Mitochondrial Genome Project ��FMGP�� recently. Fungal mitochondrial genomes, which are closed circuar DNA ranging from 10 to 80 kb, usually include respiratory chain subunit gene, adenosine triphosphate ��ATP�� synthase complex subunit gene, ribosomal RNA and tRNA genes. Further more, fungal mitochondrial genomes are pleiomorphic and can serve as the DNA fingerprint of different fungal species in fungal discrimination, as well as in the classification and phylogenetic analysis of pathogenic fungi.

���ҿƼ��ش�ר���Ⱦ����⼼���о�-��Ⱦ����ԭ����Ϻ���ϼ�⼼��;����ʡ���������л���ҽѧ������ؾ��ֻ����͵����Ľ�������������оƬ������

[1] Paquin B, Laforest MJ, Forget L, et al. The fungal mitochondrial genome project: evolution of fungal mitochondrial genomes and their gene expression[J]. Curr Genet, 1997,31(5): 380-395. [2] Handwerker A, Schweyen RJ, Wolf K, et al. Evidence for an extrakaryotic mutation affecting the maintenance of the rho factor in yeast[J]. J Bacteriol, 1973,113(3): 1307-1310. [3] Pillar T, Lang BF, Steinberger I, et al. Expression of the "split gene" cob in yeast mtDNA. Nuclear mutations specifically block the excision of different introns from its primary transcript[J]. J Biol Chem, 1983,258(13): 7954-7959. [4] Cornell MJ, Alam I, Soanes DM, et al. Comparative genome analysis across a kingdom of eukaryotic organisms: specialization and diversification in the fungi[J]. Genome Res, 2007,17(12): 1809-1822. [5] Hsu MC, Chen KW, Lo HJ, et al. Species identification of medically important fungi by use of real-time LightCycler PCR[J]. J Med Microbiol, 2003,52(Pt 12): 1071-1076. [6] Seifert KA, Samson RA, Dewaard JR, et al. Prospects for fungus identification using CO1 DNA barcodes, with Penicillium as a test case[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2007,104(10): 3901-3906. [7] Weber-Lotfi F, Ibrahim N, Boesch P, et al. Developing a genetic approach to investigate the mechanism of mitochondrial competence for DNA import[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2009,1787(5): 320-327. [8] Liu Y, Steenkamp ET, Brinkmann H, et al. Phylogenomic analyses predict sistergroup relationship of nucleariids and fungi and paraphyly of zygomycetes with significant support[J]. BMC Evol Biol, 2009,9: 272. [9] Kaniak A, Dzierzbicki P, Rogowska AT, et al. Msh1p counteracts oxidative lesion-induced instability of mtDNA and stimulates mitochondrial recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae[J]. DNA Repair (Amst), 2009,8(3): 318-329. [10] Mansur MA, Cardozo GP, Santos EV, et al. SNUFER: A software for localization and presentation of single nucleotide polymorphisms using a Clustal multiple sequence alignment output file[J]. Bioinformation, 2008,3(2): 63-64. [11] Webb A, Hancock JM, Holmes CC. Phylogenetic inference under recombination using Bayesian stochastic topology selection[J]. Bioinformatics, 2009,25(2): 197-203. [12] Bouchara JP, Hsieh HY, Croquefer S, et al. Development of an oligonucleotide array for direct detection of fungi in sputum samples from patients with cystic fibrosis[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2009,47(1): 142-152. [13] Schmitt I, Lumbsch HT. Ancient horizontal gene transfer from bacteria enhances biosynthetic capabilities of fungi[J]. PLoS One, 2009,4(2): e4437. [14] Wang Y, Zeng F, Hon CC, et al. The mitochondrial genome of the Basidiomycete fungus Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom)[J]. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 2008,280(1): 34-41. [15] Clare EL, Kerr KC, von Konigslow TE, et al. Diagnosing mitochondrial DNA diversity: applications of a sentinel gene approach[J]. J Mol Evol, 2008,66(4): 362-367. [16] Selosse MA, Roy M. Green plants that feed on fungi: facts and questions about mixotrophy[J]. Trends Plant Sci, 2009,14(2): 64-70. [17] Lang BF, Burger G. Purification of mitochondrial and plastid DNA[J]. Nat Protoc, 2007,2(3): 652-660. [18] Wu Y, Yang J, Yang F, et al. Recent dermatophyte divergence revealed by comparative and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genomes[J]. BMC Genomics, 2009,10: 238. [19] Burger G, Lavrov DV, Forget L, et al. Sequencing complete mitochondrial and plastid genomes[J]. Nat Protoc, 2007,2(3): 603-614. [20] Fisher KE, Lowry DS, Roberson RW. Cytoplasmic cleavage in living zoosporangia of Allomyces macrogynus[J]. J Microsc, 2000,198(Pt 3): 260-269.