1. ���ݾ����人��ҽԺƤ����
2. ���ݾ����人��ҽԺ

Ƥ�½�ڲ���һ���ټ��Ľ�ڲ�Ƥ���𺦣������������߷�Ӧ����Ҫ�������ơ��ٴ�����Ϊ��֫����ʹ��Ƥ�½�ڣ������˫������ܰͽ��״��ϵͳ�𺦡���֯�������ΪƤ��֬�������Ƥ���ķǸ�������Ƥϸ������ڣ���Χ�н����֯�����������Χ�����ܰ�ϸ�����󡣽����֯�������Ӱ��ѧ������ȷ��ϡ���Ƥ�ʼ�������ѡ���Ʒ�����������������-α�׿������������Ƽ��͹⶯������Ҳ�ǿɹ�ѡ��������ֶ�֮һ��

Subcutaneous sarcoidosis is an uncommon kind of sarcoidosis with undetermined etiology. Immune reaction is regarded as the main pathogenesis. The predominant clinical manifestation is painless nodules in extremities together with systemic diseases, such as bihilar lymphadenopathy. Histopathologically, it is characterized by non-caseating epithelioid grannuloma encapsulated with connective tissue and surrounded by a sparse lymphocytic infiltrate in the subcutaneous tissue and deep dermis. The diagnosis of subcutaneous sarcoidosis can be confirmed by the combination of radiology and biopsy. Topical and systemic corticosteroids are the first-line therapy. Other treatment options include tumor necrosis factor ��TNF)-α antagonists, immunosuppressive drugs and photodynamic therapy.