1. �й�ҽѧ��ѧԺ����Э��ҽѧԺ����Э��ҽԺƤ����
2. ����Э��ҽԺƤ����

���������һ����Ҫ�Ļ����²��������˵Ķ��ϵͳ�������������������棬�ɵ��¿�ǻ��������������������������»����ؼ����Ļ��ߣ�������ϵͳ��������������׼ȷ���ϵͳ����������������ѣ�������Ч�Ŀ����ҩ���������ޣ���ԭ�����ҩ�����ӣ�����ϵͳ��������������ʾӸ߲��¡���ˣ��԰���������������м��ṹ�����ܵ��о���ָ���ٴ�����Ϻ������Ե���Ϊ��Ҫ��

Candida albicans��an important opportunistic pathogen, lives as a harmless commensal in multiple organs of human. It can cause oral and vaginal candidiasis, even life-threatening systemic infection in patients with hypoimmunity or malignancy. The mortality rate of candidia infection has been remaining high because of difficulty in early diagnosis of systemic candidiasis, increasing resistance to antifungals and lack of efficient antifungal agents. Therefore, studies on Candida albicans genome structure, sequence and gene function have become more and more important for the guidance on clinical diagnosis and treatment of candidiasis.

�� �� �� �� 1 Jones T, Federspiel NA, Chibana H, Dungan J, et al. The diploid genome sequence of Candida albicans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2004,101:7329–7334. 2 Frank C Odds, Alistair JP Brown, Neil AR Gow1. Candida albicans genome sequence: a platform for genomics in the absence of genetics. Genome Biol, 2004, 5(7): 230. 3 Marco van het Hoog, Timothy J Rast, Mikhail Martchenko, et al. Assembly of the Candida albicans genome into sixteen supercontigs aligned on the eight chromosomes. Genome Biol, 2007, 8(4): R52. 4 Barton RC, Gull K.. Isolation, characterization,and genetic analysis of monosomic,aneuploid mutants of Candida albicans. Mol Microbiol, 1992, 6: 171-177. 5 Anna M Selmecki, Keely Dulmage, Leah E, et al. Acquisition of Aneuploidy Provides Increased Fitness during the Evolution of Antifungal Drug Resistance. PLoS Genet, 2009, 5(10): e1000705. 6 Hull CM, Johnson AD. Identification of a mating type-like locus in the asexual pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. Science, 1999, 285: 1271-1275. 7 Christina M. Hull, Ryan M. Raisner, Alexander D. Johnson. Evidence for Mating of the “Asexual” Yeast Candida albicans in a Mammalian Host. Science, 2000, 7(289): 307-310. 8 Ashraf S. Ibrahim, B. B. Magee, D. C. Sheppard, et al. Effects of Ploidy and Mating Type on Virulence of Candida albicans. Infect Immun, 2005,73(11): 7366–7374. 9 Daniel Dignard, Ahmed L. EI-Naggar, Mary E. Logue, et al. Identification and Characterization of MFA1, the Gene Encoding Candida albicans a-Factor Pheromone. Eukaryot Cell, 2007, 6(3): 487–494. 10 Karla J Daniels, Thyagarajan Srikantha, Shawn R Lockhart, et al. Opaque cell signal white cells to form biofilms in Candida albicans. EMBO J, 2006, 25(10): 2240-2252. 11 Nidhi Sahni, Song Yi, Karla J. Daniels, et al. Genes Selectively Up-Regulatied by Pheromone in White Cell Are Involved in Biofilm Formation in Candida albicans. Plos Pathog, 2009,5(10): e1000601. 12 Thewes S, Kretschmar M, Park H, et al. In vivo and ex vivo comparative transcriptional profiling of invasive and non-invasive Candida albicans isolates identifies genes associated with tissue invasion. Mol Microbiol, 2007,63(6): 1606-28. 13 Sampaio P, Gusma?o L, Alves C, et al. Highly polymorphic microsatellite for identification of Candida albicans strains. J Clin Microbiol, 2003, 41: 552_557. 14 Juan Li, Feng-Yan Ba. Single-strand conformation polymorphism of microsatellite for rapid strain typing of Candida albicans. Medical Mycology, 2007, 45: 629-635. 15 S R Fan, F Y Bai, Q P Liao, et al. Genotype distribution of Candida albicans strains associated with different conditions of vulvovaginal candidiasis, as revealed by microsatellite typing. Sex Transm Infect,2008,84:103–106. 16 Juan Li, Shang-Rong Fan, Xiao-Ping Liu, et al. Biased Genotype Distributions of Candida albicans Strains Associated with Vulvovaginal Candidosis and Candidal Balanoposthitis in China. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2008,47:1119–25. 17 Pukkila-Worley R, Peleg AY, Tampakakis E, et al. Candida albicans hyphal formation and virulaence assessed using a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model. Eukaryot Cell, 2009,8(11): 1750-8. 18 Geraldine Butler, Matthew D. Rasmussen, Michael F. Lin, et al. Evolution of pathogenicity and sexual reproduction in eight Candida genomes. Nature, 2009, 6(459): 657-662. 19 Beatrice B. Magee, Paul T. Magee. Recent advances in the genomic analysis of Candida albicans. Rev Iberoam Micol, 2005,22: 187-193.