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Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus-associated primary cicatricial alopecia ��PCA�� can cause permanent loss of scalp hair. The underlying pathomechanisms of it are likely to be relevant to autoimmune diseases, and include stem cell damage and programmed organ deletion of hair follicles, cell-mediated cytotoxic damage, effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines, glycosaminoglycans and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ��PPAR��-γ, functional disorder of immune privilege, loss of "no danger" signaling system, and abnormal apoptosis. To study on this disease may facilitate the development of novel protective strategies against immuno-destruction of epithelial tissue in autoimmune disorders.