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As a part of normal cutaneous microflora, Malassezia species may become pathogenic under certain conditions. The pathogenicity of Malassezia species results from a synthetic action of external and internal factors. The internal factors of Malassezia species involve invasive enzymes, metabolites, interaction with epidermic cells, phase switching between yeast and hyphal states, and special structure of lipid layer of the cell wall; host risk factors include microenvironmental abnormality, androgen levels, hypoimmunity, and so on. This article adresses the factors affecting the pathogenicity of Malassezia species.