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Alopecia areata��AA�� is a follicular T cell-mediated, multigene, multifactorial and autoimmune disease. The susceptibility and phenotype (age of onset, clinical manifestation, recurrence, spontaneous relief, response to treatment) of AA depend on the interaction of multiple genes. The susceptibility chromosomes and genes have been identified by gene scan and candidate gene screening. Multiple AA-associated genes exhibit nucleotide polymorphism. HLA-DQB and HLA-DR genes are high risk genes for AA, while HLA-HLA-DRB1*03 and HLA-DRw52a may be protective genes for AA. Interleukin-1 (Il-1) and its family genes, especially IL-1 receptor antagonist, PTPN22, MIF, etc, strongly correlated with AA and a large group of other autoimmune diseases and inflammatory disorders. The development of inherited cutaneous diseases may be ascribed to the mutual interaction between susceptibility genes, disturbance of immune system, and external environmental factors.