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Children and adolescents compose a characteristic subpopulation in patients with alopecia areata��AA��. The pathogenesis of AA is associated with predisposing genetics, autoimmune conditions, psychological distress, EB virus infection, microelement deficiency, and so on. Clinical classification of AA is based on the mode and extent of hair loss. Besides hair loss, children and adolescents with AA can suffer from thyroid diseases, nail diseases, atopic diseases, Down's syndrome�� etc. The choice of therapy is determined by both the severity of disease and medication tolerance of patients. It is benefial to the relief of AA in children and adolescents to fully understand the features of AA in children and adolescents, choose proper therapies, and to take effective prevention and intervention measures.