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Two-component signal transduction system, which is responsible for the response to environmental changes, has been found in human fungal pathogens including Candida albicans. The system in Candida albicans is composed of hybrid histidine kinases��HRs���� called “sensor kinase”��Ypd1p phosphohistidine intermediate and “response regulator ��RRs��” proteins. These signal transduction proteins can regulate cell wall biosynthesis, osmotic and oxidant adaptation, white-opaque switching, morphogenesis and virulence of the organism. This system has not been observed in mammalian cells. Therefore, novel agents targeting to these signal molecules may be effective against fungal pathogens without causing host cell damage.